Sound Velocity of MaterialIndonesia Industrial Parts

Description

The speed of sound in air is around 768 mi/hr (1,125 ft/sec, 343 m/sec), or about 5 seconds per mile, or 3 seconds per kilometer. That is the reason for the rule of thumb where when you see a flash of lightning, count the number of seconds until you hear the thunderclap, then divide by five. That gives you the approximate distance (in miles) away from the lightning. Divide by three for kilometers. Speed of sound very important for an application to ultrasonic flow meter or ultrasonic level sensor.

The speed of sound in any medium is dependent upon the coefficient of stiffness (modulus of bulk elasticity for gas mediums). Density and/or compressibility alone does not determine the speed of sound.

Vl = Velocity of a plane longitudinal wave in bulk material.
Vs = Velocity of a plane transverse (shear) wave.
Vext = Velocity of longitudinal wave (extensional wave) in thin rods.

Solids
Substance	Density (g/cm3)	Vl(m/s)	Vs(m/s)	Vext(m/s)
Metals
Aluminum rolled	2.7	6420	3040	5000
Beryllium	1.87	12890	8880	12870
Brass (70 Cu, 30 Zn)	8.6	4700	2110	3480
Copper, annealed	8.93	4760	2325	3810
Copper rolled	8.93	5010	2270	3750
Gold, hard-drawn	19.7	3240	1200	2030
Iron, Armco	7.85	5960	3240	5200
Lead, annealed	11.4	2160	700	1190
Lead, rolled	11.4	1960	690	1210
Molybdenum	10.1	6250	3350	5400
Monel metal	8.90	5350	2720	4400
Nickel (unmagnetized)	8.85	5480	2990	4800
Nickel	8.9	6040	3000	4900
Platinum	21.4	3260	1730	2800
Silver	10.4	3650	1610	2680
Steel, mild	7.85	5960	3235	5200
Steel, 347 Stainless	7.9	5790	3100	5000
Tin rolled	7.3	3320	1670	2730
Titanium	4.5	6070	3125	5080
Tungsten, annealed	19.3	5220	2890	4620
Tungsten Carbide	13.8	6655	3980	6220
Zinc rolled	7.1	4210	2440	3850
Various
Fused silica	2.2	5968	3764	5760
Glass, pyrex	2.32	5640	3280	5170
Glass, heavy silicate flint	3.88	3980	2380	3720
Lucite	1.18	2680	1100	1840
Nylon 6-6	1.11	2620	1070	1800
Polyethylene	0.90	1950	540	920
Polystyrene	1.06	2350	1120	2240
Rubber, butyl	1.07	1830
Rubber, gum	0.95	1550
Rubber neoprene	1.33	1600
Brick	1.8	3650
Clay rock	2.2	3480
Cork	0.25	500
Marble	2.6	3810
Paraffin	0.9	1300
Tallow	390
Woods
Ash, along the fiber	4670
Beech, along the fiber	3340
Elm, along the fiber	4120
Maple, along the fiber	4110
Oak, along the fiber	3850
Human Body Tissues
Soft Tissue

Liquids
Substance	Formula	Density (g/cm3)	Velocity at 25°C (m/s)	-?v/?t (m/sec °C)
Acetone	C3H60	0.79	1174	4.5
Benzene	C6H6	0.870	1295	4.65
Carbon tetrachloride	CCl4	1.595	926	2.7
Castor oil	C11H10O10	0.969	1477	3.6
Chloroform	CHCl3	1.49	987	3.4
Ethanol amide	C2H7NO	1.018	1724	3.4
Ethyl ether	C4H10O	0.713	985	4.87
Ethylene glycol	C2H6O2	1.113	1658	2.1
Glycerol	C3H8O3	1.26	1904	2.2
Kerosene	0.81	1324	3.6
Mercury	Hg	13.5	1450
Methanol	CH4O	0.791	1103	3.2
Turpentine	0.88	1255
Water (distilled)	H2O	0.998	1496.7	-2.4